The 6th International Symposium on MDS and Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes in Childhood took place in Prague on 7 – 9 November 2012. In total, 190 participants from 30 countries visited this event and world renowned experts presented their lectures: B. Alter was speaking about inherited types of bone marrow failure, Ch. Niemeyer and C. Kratz were lecturing about RASopathies and Steven Holland summarized the heterogeneity of the clinical symptoms in patients with newly discovered germline GATA-2 mutation. Lectures of several Czech specialists led by Prof. Jan Stary who organized the conference, were an important part of the event. Many colleagues from our clinic arrived to attend the conference, M. Sukova and M. Novakova represented us with their lectures and E. Mejstrikova and P. Riha with their posters, some of which were chosen for a short lecture in the commented posters section. Our colleagues from other clinics in the country introduced their work as well. The section „Pros and Cons“ led by 2 specialists (one of them was Prof. P. Sedlacek) was another interesting part of the conference focusing on a discussion about an optimum therapy for an aplastic anemia. The symposium was completed with a community evening and a dinner at the Vikarka restaurant.